Care plan is a virtual coach to manage Care Plan for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 : Signs and Symptoms better. It gives you regular messages about alarm signs, Do’s / Dont’s, Nutrition, Diet, Exercises and Reminders to improve your health
Diabetes is a metabolic disease in which your blood glucose, or sugar, levels are too high. Glucose comes from the foods you eat. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose gets into your cells to give them energy.
With type 1 diabetes (Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), your body does not make insulin. With type 2 diabetes (Non-Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus), your body does not make or use qualitative/ quantitative insulin well. Without enough insulin, the glucose stays in your blood.
Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. It is important to remember that there is no specific cure for diabetes; the condition can be controlled with regular exercise, proper diet and healthy lifestyle.
If the blood sugar levels cannot be maintained by the above changes the condition has to be controlled with appropriate medicines to regulate the sugar levels or by taking Insulin therapy.Uncontrolled Diabetes on long term can lead to complications. Family history and genes play a large role in type 2 diabetes. Low activity level, poor diet, and excess body weight around the waist increase your risk.(1)
Symptoms:
Often, people with type 2 diabetes have no symptoms at first. They may not have symptoms for many years. It is not unusual for the diagnosis to be incidental when the patient visits the doctor for some other symptom and the blood tests reveal diabetes. Even routine health checkups detect diabetes at times.
Common complications:
Follow-up schedule:
Physical Activity/Exercise:
Lifestyle | Positive changes |
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Weight Management |
Move those muscles and Be Active. Research has shown that leaner and more active people are less likely to get diabetes (2). To find out your ideal weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) go to this link. Record your weight every day |
Blood Glucose management |
Hypoglycemia (wherein the blood glucose levels drop to dangerous levels) can result in catastrophic complications. To prevent this always keep a something to eat such as chocolate or sugar candy; also it is wise to let your near and dear ones and colleagues to know that you are diabetic so that they can help you in such episodes of hypoglycaemia. Please follow the link for more information on Hypoglycemia.
http://www.diabetes.co.uk/Diabetes-and-Hypoglycaemia.html Keep your blood sugar in constant check by maintaining a balanced diet and a prudent lifestyle. Keep a track of your blood sugar at home by monitoring it with glucometer at different intervals of the day. |
Alcohol |
Abstinence is the best policy. Oral hypoglycemic agents and alcohol can cause hypoglycemia. Alcohol is high in calories, can increase blood pressure and blood sugar. If you drink, ask your doctor first. |
Medication |
Some of the medicines used for diabetes can have interactions with various medicines. Check with your doctor when you are taking any new medicines.
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Tobacco and Smoking |
Quit! Research suggests that tobacco use and smoking can make diabetes worse and may lead to other eye or kidney failures. Need help quitting, call - the National Tobacco Cessation Quit Line, 1800-22-77-87 To know more about the health benefits of quitting, go to |
Stress Management |
High stress levels may increase blood glucose levels. Incorporate a daily routine to relax and rejuvenate - try to listen to soothing music, chant, read a book or meditate.
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Sleep |
A sound night sleep is suggested to improve insulin use by the body. Exercise can help inducing sleep.
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Caffeine |
Reduce the intake of tea, coffee, colas and chocolate especially later in the day. Lowered caffeine intake is known to induce a better sleep during the night which in turn improves insulin use by the body.
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Blood Pressure management |
Maintaining a normal blood pressure of lower than 120/80 is important to lower the risk of further complications. Exercise can help to maintaining normal blood pressure
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Nutrition Plan
It is important to eat the right kind of food for a healthy mind and body. Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) is a chronic metabolic disease where the body doesn't take up insulin properly which results in high blood sugar. It is recommended that people with diabetes should avoid fasting. Try to incorporate 6-7 small meals/snacks during the day.
Generally, all food items can be classified into six major groups (3) as shown in the Healthy Food Pyramid.(4)MEALS | FOOD TYPES | WEST (MAHARASHTRA) |
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Early morning |
- 1/4 serving of milk products - 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of tea/coffee or buttermilk - 2 Marie biscuits or 1/2 of a chapati(15g) |
Breakfast |
- 1/2 serving of milk products
- 2 servings of cereals - 1 serving of meat/poultry/milk products - 1 serving of fruit - 1 serving of fat |
- 1 cup of milk/curd or 1 1/2 cup of buttermilk
- 2 cups of poha or 2 slices of bread or 6 tbsp of cornflakes or 1/2 a cup of porridge. - 2 egg whites of 30g of cottage cheese (paneer) - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes. - 1 tsp of oil/butter |
Mid-morning | - 1 serving of fruit | - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes |
Lunch |
- 2 servings of cereals - 1 serving of pulses/legumes - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - 1/2 serving of milk products - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 2 medium chapatis with only 1 tsp of oil - 1 cup of 'matki usal' or 'amti' - 1 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1/2 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 1/2 glasses of buttermilk - 1 tsp of oil/butter |
Tea & Snacks |
- 1/4 servings of milk products
- 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of coffee
- 2 cracker (cream cracker) biscuits or a 1/2 a bhakri (30g) |
Dinner |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses or meat/poultry - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - Fruit - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 2 multi-grain pancakes or 1 cup of rice
- 1 cup of dal - 1/2 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear - 1 1/2 tsp of oil/butter |
Bedtime | - 1/2 serving of milk |
- 1 cup of milk or 1 1/2 glasses of buttermilk |
MEALS | FOOD TYPES | NORTH (NEW DELHI) |
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Early morning |
- 1/4 serving of milk products - 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of tea/coffee or 1/2 cup of buttermilk - 2 Marie biscuits or 1/2 of a methi paratha (30g) |
Breakfast |
- 1/2 serving of milk products - 2 servings of cereals - 1 serving of meat/poultry/milk products - 1 serving of fruit - 1 serving of fat |
- 1 cup of milk/curd or 25g of cottage cheese - 2 chapatis or 2 slices of bread or 6 tbsp of cornflakes or 1/2 a cup of porridge - 2 egg whites of 30g of cottage cheese (paneer) - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes. - 1 tsp of oil/butter or 5 tsp of cream |
Mid-morning | - 1 serving of fruit | - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes |
Lunch |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses/legumes - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - 1/2 serving of milk products - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 2 medium chapatis (60g)
- 1 cup of 'lobia' or 'rajma' - 1 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 cup of curd - 1 1/2 tsp of oil |
Tea & Snacks | - 1/4 servings of milk products - 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of coffee
- 1 cup of poha or 1/2 a cup of roasted salted snacks |
Dinner |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses or meat/poultry - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - Fruit - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 2 chapatis (60g)
- 1 cup of dal or 1 piece of chicken(60g) - 1/2 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear - 1 1/2 tsp of oil/butter or 7 tsp of cream |
Bedtime | - 1/2 serving of milk | - 1 cup of milk or 1 cup of curd |
MEALS | FOOD TYPES | EAST (ORISSA) |
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Early morning |
- 1/4 serving of milk products - 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of tea/coffee or 1/2 cup of milk OR 10g 'chhena' - 2 Marie biscuits or 1/2 a slice of bread and 1/2 cup of puffed rice |
Breakfast |
- 1/2 serving of milk products
- 2 servings of cereals - 1 serving of meat/poultry/milk products - 1 serving of fruit - 1 serving of fat |
- 1 cup of milk/curd or 20g of chhena
- 2 medium chapatis(60g) or 2 slices of bread or 6 tbsp of cornflakes or 2 cups of puffed/flaked rice - 2 egg whites of 30g chhena - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes. - 1 tsp of oil/butter |
Mid-morning | - 1 serving of fruit | - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes |
Lunch |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses/legumes - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - 1/2 serving of milk products - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 1 cup of rice or 2 medium chapatis (60g)
- 1 cup of arhar dal or yellow peas or 1 piece of chicken/fish (30g) - 1 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 cup of curd - 1 1/2 tsp of oil |
Tea & Snacks |
- 1/4 servings of milk products
- 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of tea/coffee
- 1 cup of puffed rice or roasted flaked rice or 2 cream cracker biscuits |
Dinner |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses or meat/poultry - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - Fruit - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 1 cup of rice or 2 medium chapatis (60g)
- 1 cup soyabean nuggets or Bengal gram dal or 1 piece of chicken/fish (30g) - 1/2 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear - 1 1/2 tsp of oil/butter |
Bedtime | - 1/2 serving of milk | - 1 cup of milk or or 20g chhena or 1 cup of curd |
MEALS | FOOD TYPES | SOUTH (BANGALORE) |
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Early morning |
- 1/4 serving of milk products - 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of coffee or 1/2 cup of Curd - 2 Marie biscuits or 1/2 cup of 'pongal' |
Breakfast |
- 1/2 serving of milk products
- 2 servings of cereals - 1 serving of meat/poultry/milk products - 1 serving of fruit - 1 serving of fat |
- 1 cup of milk/curd or 1 1/2 glasses of buttermilk
- 3 'idlis' with chutney or 2 'dosas' or 2 cups of 'upma' or 2 small 'idiyappams' - 2 egg whites and 2 cups of curd - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes. - 1 tsp of oil/butter |
Mid-morning | - 1 serving of fruit | - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear or a medium slice of papaya or 10 grapes |
Lunch |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses/legumes - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - 1/2 serving of milk products - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 1 cup of rice or 2 medium chapatis (60g)
- 1 cup of 'sambhar' (with 1/2 a cup of vegetables) or other dal, or 1 piece of chicken/fish (30g) - 1 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1/2 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 glass of buttermilk - 1 1/2 tsp of oil |
Tea & Snacks |
- 1/4 servings of milk products - 1/2 serving of cereals |
- 1 cup of coffee
- 1 cup of rice or 'avalakki' or 1 rava idli |
Dinner |
- 2 servings of cereals
- 1 serving of pulses or meat/poultry - 2 1/2 servings of vegetables - Fruit - 1 1/2 servings of fat |
- 1 cup of rice or 2 medium chapatis (60g) or 1 small 'ragi' ball
- 1 cup of dal or 'sambhar' with 1/2 a cup of vegetables - 1/2 cup of leafy or gourd-type vegetable 1 cup of other vegetable 1 cup of salad - 1 medium-sized apple/orange/guava/pear - 1 1/2 tsp of oil/butter |
Bedtime | - 1/2 serving of milk | - 1 cup of milk/curd or 1 1/2 glasses of buttermilk |
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